Avadh Techno Forge

AVADH TECHNO FORGE

PRECISION INDUSTRIAL FORGING

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Forging Glossary

Forging Glossary A–Z

Definitions written by people who deal with these things daily, not paraphrased from a textbook. Each term explains what it is, why it matters commercially or metallurgically, and what goes wrong when it is ignored.

32detailed pages in this section

Die Terms

7

Flash

Flash in forging explained — the excess metal squeezed out at the parting line, why it is deliberate, and how it affects material cost.

Flash Land

Flash land explained — the narrow restriction around a forging die cavity that controls back pressure, die load and cavity fill.

Parting Line

Parting line explained — where the two die halves meet, how placement affects grain flow, and why it is a structural decision not a convenience.

Blocker Impression

Blocker impression explained — the intermediate die cavity that pre-distributes metal before the finishing blow, and why complex parts need one.

Finisher Impression

Finisher impression explained — the die cavity that gives a forging its final shape and dimensions, including shrinkage allowance.

Die Lock

Die lock explained — geometry that prevents a forging releasing from the die, and how design avoids it.

Die Sinking

Die sinking explained — machining the impression into a forging die block, and how re-sinking extends die life.

Design Terms

2

Draft Angle

Draft angle explained — the taper that lets a forging release from the die, typical external and internal values, and the cost of zero draft.

Shrinkage Allowance

Shrinkage allowance explained — why forging dies are cut oversize, typical values for steel, and what happens when it is wrong.

Process Terms

6

Fullering

Fullering explained — the forging operation that reduces cross-section and pushes metal lengthwise to prepare a preform.

Edging

Edging explained — the forging operation that gathers metal into areas needing heavier sections before blocking.

Upsetting

Upsetting explained — compressing a bar along its axis to increase diameter locally, forming heads, collars and flanges.

Coining

Coining explained — a final high-pressure squeeze that improves dimensional accuracy and surface detail on a forging.

Trimming

Trimming explained — removing flash from a forging on a dedicated press, and why it is done hot.

Piercing

Piercing explained — punching a hole through a forging while hot, and how it differs from drilling.

Equipment Terms

1

Mandrel

Mandrel explained — the internal tool that supports and shapes the bore during ring rolling and hollow forging.

Metallurgy Terms

6

Forging Ratio

Forging ratio explained — how deformation ratio is calculated, minimum values for critical work, and why it governs internal soundness.

Recrystallisation

Recrystallisation explained — how new strain-free grains form during hot working, and why it defines hot versus cold forging.

Forgeability

Forgeability explained — what makes a metal easy or difficult to forge, and how alloy content and temperature range affect it.

Case Depth

Case depth explained — the difference between effective and total case depth, typical values, and how it is measured.

Inclusion Rating

Inclusion rating explained — how non-metallic inclusions are classified and why cleanliness governs fatigue and bearing life.

Banding

Banding explained — alternating microstructural bands from chemical segregation, and how it affects properties.

Defect Terms

4

Scale

Scale explained — the iron oxide that forms on hot steel, the material it costs, and how it is controlled and removed.

Decarburisation

Decarburisation explained — how carbon burns out of a steel surface during heating, why it weakens parts, and how it is prevented.

Hot Shortness

Hot shortness explained — why some steels crack at forging temperature, the role of sulphur and copper, and how it is avoided.

Quench Crack

Quench cracking explained — why parts crack during quenching, which designs are vulnerable, and how it is prevented.

Quality Terms

3

Heat Number

Heat number explained — the identifier tying steel to its original melt, and why it underpins all material traceability.

Mill Test Certificate

Mill test certificate explained — what an MTC contains, what it proves, and how to verify it is genuine.

Cpk (Process Capability)

Cpk explained — what process capability measures, why 1.33 is the automotive benchmark, and how it differs from inspection.

Testing Terms

2

Charpy Impact Test

Charpy impact test explained — how toughness is measured, why test temperature matters, and what the results mean.

Brinell Hardness

Brinell hardness explained — how the test works, why it suits forgings, and how it relates to tensile strength.

Material Terms

1

Billet

Billet explained — the semi-finished steel stock forgings start from, how it differs from a bloom or ingot, and why billet weight drives cost.

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